Nugent Research Group:
Orographic Dynamics & Cloud Microphysics

This page will be updated throughout the Fall 2020 semester as the course progresses.

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Lectures are recorded, and available on youtube (links provided below).

Youtube Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvBC-8J_WdDdOtw3tVkMtXckk_j8Ng0aO

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 Week 1 (8.24, 8.26, 8.28): Chapter 1

M: Course Intro, and What is an Atmosphere?

• Intro (1 min): https://youtu.be/QpQ7vzmf4bQ

• Gedunken Experiment (7 min): https://youtu.be/UcrY--EEi0I

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W: Retaining an atmosphere

• Escape Velocity (5 min): https://youtu.be/qOKC5HfhMBI

• Typical Speed of a Molecule (12 min): https://youtu.be/HFGcCIQYP-0

• Atmospheric Retention, Vesc vs Vmol (9 min): https://youtu.be/SxJlOL8J-kg

• Planets with Atmospheres (6 min): https://youtu.be/Wl-zwBK7_gE

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F: S.I. Units, Atmospheric Pressure and Density, Ideal Gas Law

• S.I. Unit Review (7 min): https://youtu.be/gYcfrgyX5eY

• Introduction to Pressure (5 mins): https://youtu.be/qCX6zBJIvHw

• The Ideal Gas Law: (12 mins): https://youtu.be/Zsa75E6LriQ

• Ideal Gas Law Example (9 mins): https://youtu.be/wGrAdnTdObk

• Specific Gas Constant for Dry Air (9 mins): https://youtu.be/MfszmLZMRCI

• Week 1 Review (6 mins): https://youtu.be/FYPT9xjqAAk

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Week 2 (8.31, 9.2, 9.4): Chapter 1

M: Buoyancy

• Intro to buoyancy (9 mins): https://youtu.be/u5yXSQKpBNA

• Buoyancy in the Atmosphere (13): https://youtu.be/PkZeXEChCok

• Another Buoyancy Example (7 mins): https://youtu.be/q1PRdOxsufk

• Mixture of Gases (3 mins): https://youtu.be/YcexKe064Mk

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W: Hydrostatic Balance​

• Density and Pressure Variations with Altitude (7 mins): https://youtu.be/je-twvv-ezI

• Pressure and Density Calculation (11 mins): https://youtu.be/gqswb5YqvSA

• Basic Hydrostatic Balance (9 mins): https://youtu.be/-A4AdJvQv2o

• Hydrostatic Balance Example (11 mins): https://youtu.be/PL31s_Pqo4E

• Differential Form of Hydrostatic Balance (7 mins): https://youtu.be/ohiNuGMZj1c

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F: Atmospheric Temperature Structure, PSet 1 Due, PSet 2 assigned

• Temperature with Altitude (7 mins):  https://youtu.be/N-hnNcN76eA

• Temperature Maxima (12 mins):  https://youtu.be/xsRRqvInL4s

• Vertical Distances (9 mins): https://youtu.be/yJGOkMFwCVQ

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Week 3 (9.7, 9.9, 9.11): Chapter 3, and Chapter 5

M:  -- No Class, Labor Day --

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W: Lapse Rates & Stability

• Introduction to the Lapse Rate (3 mins):  https://youtu.be/WYV3HzeQmz4

• First Law of Thermodynamics (5 mins):  https://youtu.be/B428lQ_BrIw

• Work Done (5 mins):  https://youtu.be/zQR-RrNtVso

• The Dry Adiabatic Lapse Rate (10 mins):  https://youtu.be/FazfGhRVdOo

• Introduction to Stability (12 mins):  https://youtu.be/aI_IxX5YYhQ

• Stability Examples (11 mins):  https://youtu.be/F63rGuVhBlM

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F: Inversions, Diurnal Changes in Stability

• Temperature Inversions (6 mins):  https://youtu.be/hXOq_ouo9MI

• Applications of Temperature Inversions and Lapse Rates (16 mins):  https://youtu.be/WRqgUtTBuLM

• Intro to Atmospheric Observation (6 mins):  https://youtu.be/pPgBDAO-06I

• Atmospheric Profiles (8 mins):  https://youtu.be/P06iuh4b168

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Week 4 (9.14, 9.16, 9.18): Chapter 4 and Chapter 5

M: Introduction to Moisture in the Atmosphere

• Quantifying Moisture (14 mins):  https://youtu.be/wdodWedeOe8

• Saturation (3 mins):  https://youtu.be/PwcNMZrZKOI

• Clausius-Clapeyron Curve (9 mins):  https://youtu.be/WSs7MIdHOCc

• Example Moisture Calculations (11 mins):  https://youtu.be/nLVdUu4XHS8 

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W: Saturation, Latent Heating, and Influences on Stability

• Approaching Saturation (8 mins):  https://youtu.be/7DQGk857IFo

• Latent Heat (9 mins):  https://youtu.be/6ge5gRLhIPw

• Moist Adiabatic Lapse Rate (7 mins):  https://youtu.be/_wtRP2imRfw

• Lapse Rates Review and Stability (8 mins):  https://youtu.be/FgOBoLxmZG4

• Conditional Instability (11 mins):  https://youtu.be/D5ccoGYpw8U

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F: A Deeper Understanding of Lifting Processes and Plotting Them

• Lifting a Humid Air Parcel (9 mins):  https://youtu.be/UqRHRqE3EHE

• Lowering a Humid Air Parcel (7 mins):  https://youtu.be/frxpQfkmkf8

• Lines on the Skew-T log P Chart (5 mins):  https://youtu.be/wmBag_vygDs

• Using a Skew-T log P Chart (15 mins):  https://youtu.be/5murAhSTMVU

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Week 5 (9.21, 9.23, 9.25): Chapter 6

M: Exam Review (No New Videos, Synchronous Session)

W: Exam 1 covering 1st 4 weeks of class, and PSets 1-3 (No New Videos)

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F: Clouds

• Temperature after Lifting and Cloud Formation (8 mins):  https://youtu.be/Ed5ANDXgcfc

• Cloud Types (10 mins):  https://youtu.be/JZS1qzp3RoI

• Cloud Pictures (8 mins):  https://youtu.be/i2LfuCpYVLE

• Cloud Condensation Nuclei (6 mins):  https://youtu.be/XNkrP1XFii4

• Supercooled Liquid Water (8 mins):  https://youtu.be/yeTRL8Y00P8

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Week 6 (9.28, 9.30, 10.2): Chapters 5, Chapter 22, and Chapter 6

M: Reading a Skew-T Chart, and Atmospheric Visibility and Optics

• Use a Skew-T Chart (18 mins):  https://youtu.be/c5q4iWJUZX4

• Visibility (6 mins):  https://youtu.be/y3nhfMDf4VE

• Light Scattering Introduction (5 mins):  https://youtu.be/HmKZreHyMmo

• Rayleigh Scattering (7 mins):  https://youtu.be/LgaD4aRSChY

• Mie Scattering (4 mins):  https://youtu.be/tEPHxqDQ1xY

• Geometric Optics (7 mins):  https://youtu.be/TjiQw3NPxNE

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W: The difference between Cloud Droplets & Rain Drops

• Looking at Rain with Radar (10 mins):  https://youtu.be/2HJm3y64Arc

• Radar, Other Topics of Interest (9 mins):  https://youtu.be/LiA9zLSW0xo

• What is the Difference? Cloud Droplets vs Rain Drops (4 mins):  https://youtu.be/QVqy48ZEskk

• The Terminal Velocity of Cloud Droplets and Rain Drops (12 mins):  https://youtu.be/n1atxMqU-9c

• How many Cloud Droplets in a Rain Drop (3 mins):  https://youtu.be/rwBjH1_WUwE

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F: Precipitation Processes

• How Rain Forms Part I. Collision Coalescence (7 mins):  https://youtu.be/MpakfJSMDDM

• How Rain Forms Part II. Ice Phase Process (11 mins):  https://youtu.be/s8B2RpaVQxk

• Overview of the Ice Phase Process (3 mins):  https://youtu.be/HVVDlediyBU

• Collision Coalescence vs Ice Phase Process:  https://youtu.be/OC4S1o2Mw38

• Phase Transitions and Naming (7 mins):  https://youtu.be/h1Ng7ffWX8k

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Week 7 (10.5, 10.7, 10.9): Chapter 5 and Chapter 7

M: Understanding Precipitation Types

• Precipitation Types: Warm Rain (6 mins):  https://youtu.be/SjbUIatz8yk

• Precipitation Types: Everything Else (13 mins):  https://youtu.be/OLFg9Bx007w

• Precipitation Types Wrap-up (6 mins):  https://youtu.be/4vsDyJkGeV8

• Cloud Seeding (5 mins):  https://youtu.be/7XTw_QF_SVU

• Comments on Quantitative Precipitation Forecasting (8 mins):  https://youtu.be/TzyjPa-9ri0

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W/F: Convective, CAPE, CIN and Lightning

• Convective Cloud Features (8 mins):  https://youtu.be/O3_VHqrV464

• Convective vs. Stable Clouds (9 mins):  https://youtu.be/8weQQEACX24

• Quantifying Buoyancy: CAPE and CIN (20 mins):  https://youtu.be/wuJgFeoOqS8

• Intro to Lightning (9 mins):  https://youtu.be/d_NexuDbR5s

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Week 8 (10.12, 10.14, 10.16): Chapter 2 and Chapter 11

M: Earth's steady state temperature

• Introduction to Earth's Energy Budget (2 mins):  https://youtu.be/hhmSZbC6_5E

• Laws of Radiation (9 mins):  https://youtu.be/MlLGyaLyT-U

• Steady-State Temperature (9 mins):  https://youtu.be/aFX9lXnJgLY

• Calculate Earth's Steady-State Temperature (4 mins):  https://youtu.be/nJJutXwEBwE

• Introduction to the Greenhouse Effect (6 mins):  https://youtu.be/19uLGu4s1rU

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W: Differential Heating Drives Global Circulation

• Feedback's and Earth's Steady State Temperature Controls (10 mins):  https://youtu.be/AU6V3yKCVKY

• Global Distribution of Heat (8 mins):  https://youtu.be/OeDoTLX-eSg

• Differential Heating Drives Circulation (8 mins):  https://youtu.be/UtuOfZ2DxdM

• Seasons (8 mins):  https://youtu.be/-Bb7S9Juv48

• Atmospheric Dynamics (2 mins):  https://youtu.be/PC2WOLAf8gA

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F: Introduction to the Coriolis Force

• Coriolis Effect by National Geographic (3 mins):  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mPsLanVS1Q8

• Coriolis Effect by NOVA (5 mins): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6L5UD240mCQ

Keeping it light today since Exam 2 is next week!
 

Week 9 (10.19, 10.21, 10.23): Chapter 11

M: Exam Review (No New Videos, Synchronous Session)

W: Exam 2 covering weeks 4-7 of class, and PSets 4-6 (No New Videos)

 

F: The Coriolis Force and Global Circulation Patterns

• Role of Rotation in Global Circulation (11 mins):  https://youtu.be/aiOfPyIijV0

• Coriolis Force (10 mins):  https://youtu.be/l0uWMZR1IDU

• Hadley Cell Circulation (12 mins):  https://youtu.be/2y9cMj8gqAA

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Week 10 (10.26, 10.28, 10.30): Chapters 9 and Chapter 10 and Chapter 11

M: Connecting global circulation to global climates

• Worksheet: Connecting it all together (attached)

• Connecting It All Together: Global Circulation, Vertical Motion, and Moisture Availability (11 mins): https://youtu.be/FdCz4B_9gnY

• Circulation Details & Naming (10 mins):  https://youtu.be/jKE3IFAJSxI

• Global Circulation and Heat Distribution (6 mins):  https://youtu.be/HfVh84Jp7XI

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W: Geostrophic Wind, synoptic charts

• Jet Streams (7 mins):  https://youtu.be/PBIoPNT5IMY

• Circulation and Pressure (7 mins):  https://youtu.be/gd5FPe21r8A

• Surface Pressure (12 mins):  https://youtu.be/ExamJwaHuf4

• Pressure Gradient (3 mins):  https://youtu.be/4wy-P-r354M

• Geostrophic Balance Introduction (9 mins):  https://youtu.be/aDGdfL1PSyI

• Quantifying Geostrophic Wind (12 mins):  https://youtu.be/PlKZLJW4K8Y

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F: Wind force balances, cyclones, anti-cyclones

• Geostrophic Adjustment (7 mins):  https://youtu.be/eKSPjAYVRQ8

• Reading Pressure and Wind on a Map (11 mins):  https://youtu.be/RhXQefhmwQE

• Another Example of Geostrophic Wind (9 mins):  https://youtu.be/KHTC0ZvUB94

• Near Surface Winds in the ABL (10 mins):  https://youtu.be/CbD4eob9pi8

• Gradient Wind Balance (7 mins):  https://youtu.be/qy4-4hCGSiY

• Cyclones vs Anti-Cyclones (6 mins):  https://youtu.be/EAAwhIegAv8

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Week 11 (11.2, 11.4, 11.6): Chapter 12 and Chapter 13

M: Air Masses and Fronts

• Air Masses (8 mins):  https://youtu.be/wdTGO9NG2mo

• Surface Fluxes (6 mins):  https://youtu.be/hcNCnAVTAms

• Air Mass Modification (8 mins):  https://youtu.be/TRzFeAYnN7c

• Introduction to Fronts (8 mins):  https://youtu.be/OHSih44BCdU

• Optional Met Office video on Fronts (6 mins):  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G7Ewqm0YHUI

 

W: Fronts and Mid-Latitude Frontal Cyclones

• What kind of front? (6 mins): https://youtu.be/9f4AgrN33aE

• Cold Fronts (8 mins):  https://youtu.be/CAsw4Nm08m8

• Warm Fronts (8 mins):  https://youtu.be/3cHQ95fJBLg

• Occluded and Stationary Fronts (8 mins):  https://youtu.be/_iTcV46cAkc

• Mid-Latitude Frontal Cyclones 1 (9 mins):  https://youtu.be/3MxWNhMTVxA

• Mid-Latitude Frontal Cyclones 2 (13 mins):  https://youtu.be/_zSKOhOMLTs

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F: The Human Experience

• The Role of Mid-latitude Frontal Cyclones (12 mins):  https://youtu.be/VT7vOZxi4uY

• The Human Experience (13 mins):  https://youtu.be/j4Cdq9VVBU8

• Cold Frontal Passage (1 min) https://youtu.be/gOZBJ6-cVow

• What is a Storm? (8 mins): https://youtu.be/I132mFb7F5U

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Week 12 (11.9, 11.11, 11.13): Chapter 14 and Chapter 15

M: Convective Storms and Tornados

• Convective Storms (2 mins):  https://youtu.be/aNawxRVjALY

• Airmass Thunderstorms (12 mins):  https://youtu.be/hZms-7yxKpY

• Severe Thunderstorms: Squall Lines (12 mins):  https://youtu.be/xjfZ3WhFvk4

• Severe Thunderstorms: MCCs and Squall Lines (12 mins):  https://youtu.be/a_oeoB9JLQ0

Links to other Video Content:

• National Geographic Video on Tornados (3 mins):  https://video.nationalgeographic.com/vi...os/00000144-0a31-d3cb-a96c-7b3d903d0000

• Squall Line:  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SuyYAGVwoEU

• Supercell: https://vimeo.com/167624694

• Top 10 Tornados: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oWIx3Erswh8

  

W: -- No Class, Veterans Day --

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F: Tornados and Thunderstorm Impacts

• Tornados (17 mins):  https://youtu.be/oxANsHsnWvg

• Thunderstorm Impacts (13 mins): https://youtu.be/nLxWzWnZuyk

• Convective Storm Occurrence (14 mins):  https://youtu.be/r53c_aSlYvw

• NWS Lightning Safety Brochure:  https://www.weather.gov/media/safety/Lightning-Brochure18.pdf

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Week 13 (11.16, 11.18, 11.20):

M: Exam Review (No New Videos, Synchronous Session)

 

W: Exam 3 covering weeks 8-12, and PSets 7-9 (No New Videos)

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F: Tropical cyclones

• Convective Storms (2 mins):  https://youtu.be/aNawxRVjALY

• Hurricanes Part 1: Overview (21 mins):  https://youtu.be/iDeEQsnf7vI

• Hurricanes Part 2: Hurricane Naming, Impacts and Graphics (12 mins):  https://youtu.be/tmJ24En-RYs

• Hurricanes Part 3: Hurricanes Near Hawaii (20 mins):  https://youtu.be/vVkHMpCTOYw

• Hurricanes Part 4: Hurricanes in a Warming World (8 mins):  https://youtu.be/gBwL0GvhV4g

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Week 14 (11.23, 11.25, thanksgiving):

M: Hawaiian Weather

• Sea breeze vs Land breeze (16 mins):  https://youtu.be/Jvkvg6sEW-A

• Orographic Precipitation (13 mins):  https://youtu.be/A1Y3twS3l2Q

• Hawaiian Seasons (13 mins):  https://youtu.be/j1RPGYjl9-A

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W: Hawaiian Weather: Waves, Kona Storms, and Segue to Climate

• Waves! (13 mins):  https://youtu.be/sZmGVHuzL08

• Kona Storm (8 mins):  https://youtu.be/O3ILzBCzLmc

• Climate vs Weather (7 mins):  https://youtu.be/g6O39ZNjQms

 

F: No Class, Thanksgiving!

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Week 15 (11.30, 12.2, 12.4): 

M: Understanding Greenhouse Gases

• A Simple Greenhouse Model, One Layer Atmosphere (15 mins):  https://youtu.be/HUPQw4iZrrI

• Greenhouse Gases (5 mins):  https://youtu.be/LSp4pXteVRg

• The Role of Greenhouse Gases (8 mins):  https://youtu.be/WbzrL1dkxpg

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W: Positive and Negative Feedbacks

• Introduction to Feedbacks (10 mins):  https://youtu.be/9FleDnpLYFc

• Atmospheric Feedbacks (14 mins):  https://youtu.be/k7q4R4V25aU

• Fun Website: https://climatekids.nasa.gov/cloud-clim...0the,Earth%20more%20than%20they%20cool.

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F:  Natural Climate Variations

• Seasons and Milankovitch Cycles (9 mins):  https://youtu.be/IgNOUowaPsU

• Changes in Insolation (9 mins):  https://youtu.be/5Uv1JkKMwz8

• Natural Climate Processes (3 mins):  https://youtu.be/dpIYT6JS72g

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Week 16 (12.7, 12.9):

M: El Nino Southern Oscillation

• Walker Circulation (4 mins):  https://youtu.be/1wLv4uvMOn4

• ENSO (16 mins):  https://youtu.be/1SLRJ7YV9X0

• ENSO Impacts (8 mins):  https://youtu.be/iwusEG26ZlI

• ENSO in Hawaii (3 mins):  https://youtu.be/7mMHzDZ3sDc

• El Nino Impacts on Hawaii PDFs:

•  https://www.weather.gov/media/peac/one_...s/El%20Nino%20Impacts%20on%20Hawaii.pdf

•  https://www.pacificrisa.org/wp-content/...L-NINO-Fact-Sheet_Hawaii_2015-FINAL.pdf

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W: Wrapping Up

• Climate Discussion (24 mins):  https://youtu.be/IairXY1eUbA

• Climate Changes in Hawaii (15 mins):  https://youtu.be/ZztgwOVyo0Y

• PDF references for the Hawaii-specific video images: 

• https://rmets-onlinelibrary-wiley-com.eres.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/joc.4862 &

• https://www.soest.hawaii.edu/coasts/publications/ClimateBrief_low.pdf

• Final Words (2 mins):  https://youtu.be/0nAbVao19mU

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Final Exam Date: Monday December 14th, 12-2 set by the University calendar. 

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